Cocoa beans drying in the sun in a village

Facts

The facts behind your purchases.

Coffee, chocolate, cotton. Here is what is really behind the things you buy, all of it sourced. Filter by what you care about.

Coffee
125M

people live off coffee

About 125 million people depend on coffee for their income.

Source: Fairtrade Foundation
Coffee
60%

grown by small farmers

Roughly 60% of the world's coffee comes from small family farms.

Source: ICO
Coffee
2bn

cups a day

The world drinks around two billion cups of coffee every day.

Source: British Coffee Assoc.
Coffee
70+

countries grow it

Coffee is grown in about 70 countries, almost all near the equator.

Source: ICO
Coffee
3%

of a cafe coffee

A grower can keep as little as 3% of what you pay for a cafe coffee.

Source: Fairtrade
Coffee
50%

price swings in a year

Coffee prices can swing by half or more in a single year.

Source: ICO
Coffee
60%

of wild coffee at risk

About 60% of wild coffee species are threatened with extinction.

Source: Kew
Coffee
25M

smallholder farms

An estimated 25 million smallholder farmers grow most of the world's coffee.

Source: ICO
Coffee
2001

the great price crash

In 2001 coffee prices hit a 30-year low and pushed millions into poverty.

Source: ICO
Cocoa
1.5M

children in cocoa fields

An estimated 1.5 million children work on cocoa farms in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.

Source: NORC 2020
Cocoa
70%

of cocoa is West African

About 70% of the world's cocoa is grown in West Africa.

Source: ICCO
Cocoa
6%

of a chocolate bar

Cocoa farmers often receive around 6% of the price of a chocolate bar.

Source: Cocoa Barometer
Cocoa
$1

a day, for many

Many cocoa farmers live on roughly a dollar a day, below a living income.

Source: Cocoa Barometer
Cocoa
90%

from small farms

Around 90% of cocoa is grown on small family farms, not plantations.

Source: World Cocoa Foundation
Cocoa
50M

depend on cocoa

Roughly 40 to 50 million people depend on cocoa for their livelihood.

Source: World Cocoa Foundation
Cocoa
400

beans per pound

It takes about 400 cocoa beans to make one pound of chocolate.

Source: World Cocoa Foundation
Cocoa
5

months to ripen a pod

A cacao pod takes about five to six months to ripen, yielding only a few pounds a year.

Source: World Cocoa Foundation
Cocoa
2050

the climate squeeze

Rising heat could shrink the land suitable for cocoa in West Africa by 2050.

Source: FAO
Fashion
75M

make our clothes

Around 75 million people work making the world's clothing.

Source: Fashion Revolution
Fashion
80%

are women

About 80% of garment workers are women, often young and underpaid.

Source: ILO
Fashion
2,700

litres per t-shirt

One cotton t-shirt can take about 2,700 litres of water to make.

Source: WWF
Fashion
10%

of global carbon

Fashion is responsible for roughly 8 to 10% of global carbon emissions.

Source: UNEP
Fashion
85%

of textiles wasted

About 85% of textiles end up in landfill or burned each year.

Source: UNEP
Fashion
100bn

garments a year

The world produces around 100 billion garments every year.

Source: UNEP
Fashion
2013

Rana Plaza

In 2013 the Rana Plaza factory collapse killed over 1,100 garment workers.

Source: ILO
Fashion
2.5%

of farmland is cotton

Cotton grows on about 2.5% of farmland but uses a big share of insecticides.

Source: WWF
Fashion
2%

reaches the worker

As little as 2% of a garment's price can reach the worker who sewed it.

Source: Clean Clothes
Money
1.9M

farmers in Fairtrade

Fairtrade works with almost 1.9 million farmers and workers.

Source: Fairtrade International
Money
€200M+

in premiums a year

Producers earned over €200 million in Fairtrade Premium in a recent year.

Source: Fairtrade International
Money
30k+

Fairtrade products

There are more than 30,000 Fairtrade-certified products you can buy.

Source: Fairtrade
Money
70+

countries

Fairtrade products are grown in more than 70 countries.

Source: Fairtrade
Money
100%

farmer-decided premium

Communities vote on how every cent of the Fairtrade Premium is spent.

Source: Fairtrade
Money
$100bn

coffee's retail value

The global coffee market is worth well over 100 billion dollars a year.

Source: ICO
Money
60%

recognise the mark

Around 6 in 10 shoppers in many countries recognise the Fairtrade Mark.

Source: GlobeScan
Money
$1.80

floor per pound of coffee

Fairtrade sets a floor near $1.80 a pound for washed arabica, plus a premium.

Source: Fairtrade
Money
1,900+

producer organisations

More than 1,900 producer organisations are Fairtrade certified worldwide.

Source: Fairtrade
Planet
50%

of coffee land at risk

Up to half of today's coffee land could become unsuitable by 2050.

Source: Fairtrade
Planet
70%

of fresh water to farming

Agriculture uses about 70% of the world's fresh water.

Source: FAO
Planet
33%

of food is wasted

About a third of all food produced is lost or wasted.

Source: FAO
Planet
25%

of emissions from food

Food and land use cause roughly a quarter of global emissions.

Source: IPCC
Planet
80%

of tropical deforestation

Agriculture drives most tropical deforestation.

Source: FAO
Planet
75%

of crops need pollinators

About three quarters of food crops rely on pollinators that are declining.

Source: FAO
Planet
10%

of emissions, poorest half

The poorest half of people cause about 10% of emissions but are hit hardest.

Source: Oxfam
Planet
1M

species face extinction

Around one million species face extinction, many due to how we farm.

Source: IPBES
Planet
1,000

to build 1cm of soil

Fertile soil takes centuries to form, and we are losing it far faster.

Source: FAO
History
1988

the first Fairtrade label

Max Havelaar, the first Fairtrade label, launched in the Netherlands in 1988.

Source: Fairtrade
History
1860

the novel behind the name

The label was named after an 1860 Dutch novel exposing colonial abuse.

Source: Fairtrade
History
1946

an early fair trade shop

Ten Thousand Villages, a pioneer fair trade shop, began in the US in 1946.

Source: Fairtrade
History
1968

Trade, not Aid

The slogan Trade, not Aid was adopted at a UN conference in 1968.

Source: UNCTAD
History
1994

onto UK shelves

The Fairtrade Mark reached UK shops in 1994 with coffee and chocolate.

Source: Fairtrade Foundation
History
1997

the labels unite

Fairtrade International formed in 1997 to bring the national labels together.

Source: Fairtrade
History
2002

one global mark

The single international Fairtrade Mark launched in 2002.

Source: Fairtrade
History
2M

farmers today

The movement now reaches almost two million farmers and workers.

Source: Fairtrade
History
140+

countries sell it

Fairtrade products are now sold in around 140 countries worldwide.

Source: Fairtrade

Sources.

Every figure above comes from a public source. Numbers are rounded for clarity and reflect recent reporting. Follow the links to read the originals.

Coffee livelihoods, prices, crashesICO ↗
Wild coffee extinction riskKew ↗
Child labour in cocoa (2020)NORC ↗
Cocoa farmer incomeCocoa Barometer ↗
Cocoa production basicsWorld Cocoa Foundation ↗
Garment workers worldwideFashion Revolution ↗
Cotton water and pesticidesWWF ↗
Fashion emissions and wasteUNEP ↗
Food, water, soil, deforestationFAO ↗
Food & land emissionsIPCC ↗
Premium, prices, historyFairtrade International ↗
Living-income reference pricesFairtrade ↗